Introduction to Human Behavior in Psychology
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Introduction to Human Behavior in Psychology
20 flashcards
Q1:What is the primary focus of psychology?
A:The primary focus of psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes.
Q2:What does the term 'cognition' refer to in psychology?
A:Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and understanding, including thinking, memory, and decision-making.
Q3:Who is considered the father of behaviorism?
A:John B. Watson is considered the father of behaviorism.
Q4:What is the difference between nature and nurture in psychology?
A:Nature refers to genetic influences on behavior, while nurture refers to environmental influences.
Q5:What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
A:Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory that categorizes human needs into a five-tier model, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization.
Q6:What is cognitive dissonance?
A:Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort experienced when holding two or more conflicting beliefs or values.
Q7:What role does reinforcement play in behaviorism?
A:Reinforcement is used to strengthen a behavior, increasing the likelihood that it will be repeated.
Q8:What is the significance of the Stanford prison experiment?
A:The Stanford prison experiment demonstrated the impact of situational variables on human behavior and the power of authority.
Q9:Who developed the theory of psychoanalysis?
A:Sigmund Freud developed the theory of psychoanalysis.
Q10:What are the three components of personality according to Freud?
A:The three components are the id, ego, and superego.
Q11:What does the term ‘social psychology’ encompass?
A:Social psychology encompasses the study of how individuals influence and are influenced by others in social contexts.
Q12:What is the function of the limbic system in the brain?
A:The limbic system is involved in emotions, memory, and arousal.
Q13:What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic motivator?
A:An intrinsic motivator comes from within the individual, while an extrinsic motivator comes from external rewards or outcomes.
Q14:What is the role of schemas in cognitive development?
A:Schemas are mental structures that help individuals organize and interpret information based on their experiences.
Q15:What is groupthink?
A:Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon where the desire for harmony in a decision-making group leads to irrational or dysfunctional decision-making.
Q16:What are defense mechanisms in psychology?
A:Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety-inducing thoughts or feelings.
Q17:What is attachment theory?
A:Attachment theory explores the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, particularly as it relates to early bonding experiences.
Q18:How does reinforcement differ from punishment?
A:Reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior, while punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior.
Q19:What is the 'bystander effect' in social psychology?
A:The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help in an emergency when other people are present.
Q20:What is self-efficacy?
A:Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish tasks.
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What is the primary focus of psychology?
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